Best side hustles in the UK
UK side hustles, and the tax rules that decide what you keep.
The UK rules decide what you keep, so start there:
- Trading allowance: the first £1,000 a year of trading income can be tax-free (GOV.UK).
- Self Assessment: above that, you'll usually need to register and file (GOV.UK: working for yourself).
- Platforms report to HMRC: some online marketplaces share seller data with HMRC (GOV.UK).
Startup costs below are our global estimates in U.S. dollars; convert at current rates.
35 ideas compared
| Idea | Startup cost* | Time to first sale* | Skills needed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Freelance writing / copywriting | $0–$300 | 2-6 weeks | Clear writing, research, pitching |
| Virtual assistant | $0–$200 | 1-4 weeks | Organisation, email/calendar tools, reliability |
| Bookkeeping for small businesses | $100–$1,500 | 1-3 months | Accounting basics, accuracy, software (QuickBooks/Xero) |
| Web design for local businesses | $100–$800 | 3-8 weeks | Site builders or code, basic copy, sales calls |
| Social media management | $0–$300 | 2-6 weeks | Content planning, short video, analytics |
| Video editing / short-form clipping | $0–$1,500 | 1-4 weeks | Editing software, pacing, captions |
| Online tutoring | $0–$200 | 1-3 weeks | Subject expertise, patience, clear explanations |
| Print-on-demand store | $50–$500 | 1-3 months | Design, niche research, marketing |
| Digital products (templates, planners, presets) | $0–$300 | 2-8 weeks | Design, a specific expertise, product thinking |
| Online course or cohort | $100–$2,000 | 2-4 months | Teaching, expertise, audience building |
| Newsletter business | $0–$500 | 3-12 months | Writing, consistency, curation |
| AI automation consultant | $0–$500 | 2-6 weeks | No-code automation tools, process mapping |
| AI content & prompt services | $0–$300 | 1-4 weeks | Prompting, editing, fact-checking |
| Micro-SaaS / small software product | $50–$2,000 | 3-12 months | Coding or no-code building, product sense |
| Reselling / thrift flipping | $50–$500 | 1-2 weeks | Product knowledge, photography, negotiation |
| Etsy / handmade shop | $100–$1,000 | 1-3 months | A craft, product photos, listing SEO |
| Dropshipping store | $200–$2,000 | 1-3 months | Product research, paid ads, customer service |
| Home bakery / cottage food | $200–$2,000 | 2-6 weeks | Baking, food safety, local marketing |
| Meal prep service | $500–$5,000 | 1-2 months | Cooking, food safety, logistics |
| Pet sitting & dog walking | $50–$500 | 1-2 weeks | Reliability, animal handling |
| Cleaning service | $200–$1,500 | 1-3 weeks | Thoroughness, scheduling |
| Handyman / home repairs | $500–$5,000 | 1-3 weeks | Repairs, tools, estimating |
| Photography | $500–$5,000 | 2-8 weeks | Camera skills, editing, posing people |
| Graphic design | $0–$700 | 2-6 weeks | Design tools, typography, briefs |
| Consulting in your field | $0–$1,000 | 2-8 weeks | Deep expertise from a past job |
| Coaching | $0–$1,000 | 1-3 months | Listening, expertise, results |
| Personal trainer / fitness classes | $300–$3,000 | 2-6 weeks | Certification, coaching, motivation |
| 3D printing: custom parts & products | $300–$3,000 | 1-2 months | CAD, printer maintenance, materials |
| Mobile car detailing | $500–$3,000 | 1-3 weeks | Detailing technique, scheduling |
| UGC (user-generated content) creator | $0–$500 | 2-6 weeks | On-camera presence, short video |
| Affiliate content site | $50–$1,000 | 6-12 months | SEO, writing, patience |
| Delivery & gig apps | $0–$500 | Days | A vehicle or bike, time |
| Data entry & research | $0–$100 | 1-3 weeks | Accuracy, spreadsheets |
| Resume & LinkedIn writing | $0–$300 | 1-4 weeks | Writing, recruiting knowledge |
| Garden & lawn care | $300–$3,000 | 1-2 weeks | Equipment, reliability |
*Solopreneur.co estimates for a lean, one-person start (equipment you don't already own, software, samples, basic insurance where relevant). Not survey data; your costs will vary by location.
1. Freelance writing / copywriting
Write web pages, emails, case studies or blog posts for businesses that don't have an in-house writer.
- Startup cost
- $0–$300
- First sale
- 2-6 weeks
- Skills
- Clear writing, research, pitching
How to start
- Pick one industry you already understand (e.g. SaaS, dentists, real estate).
- Write 3 sample pieces for that industry and host them on a free portfolio page.
- Pitch 10 businesses a day for two weeks with a specific idea for their site.
- Price per project, not per word, once you have two paying clients.
Watch out: Generic AI-written content is now cheap; you win on research, interviews and results.
Sources: BLS: Writers and Authors
2. Virtual assistant
Handle inboxes, scheduling, bookkeeping prep, travel or customer emails for busy founders.
- Startup cost
- $0–$200
- First sale
- 1-4 weeks
- Skills
- Organisation, email/calendar tools, reliability
How to start
- List 5 tasks you can do well today (inbox triage, scheduling, data entry, Canva graphics).
- Offer a fixed monthly package (e.g. 10 hours) instead of open-ended hourly work.
- Find first clients through your own network and founder communities.
- Document every recurring task as a checklist so you can raise rates later.
Watch out: Low barrier means price pressure; specialise (e.g. podcast VA, real-estate VA).
3. Bookkeeping for small businesses
Reconcile accounts and produce monthly reports for small businesses, usually on a monthly retainer.
- Startup cost
- $100–$1,500
- First sale
- 1-3 months
- Skills
- Accounting basics, accuracy, software (QuickBooks/Xero)
How to start
- Learn one platform properly (vendor certification programs are free or low-cost).
- Start with 1-2 local businesses at a fixed monthly fee.
- Use engagement letters that say what you do and don't do (you are not their tax preparer unless qualified).
- Add clean-up projects (catching up messy books) as a higher-priced offer.
Watch out: Check whether your state requires any registration; tax preparation for pay needs an IRS PTIN.
Sources: BLS: Bookkeeping clerks · IRS: PTIN requirements
4. Web design for local businesses
Build and maintain simple, fast websites for trades, clinics, restaurants and other local firms.
- Startup cost
- $100–$800
- First sale
- 3-8 weeks
- Skills
- Site builders or code, basic copy, sales calls
How to start
- Pick one builder (WordPress, Webflow, Framer or a hosted builder) and one niche.
- Rebuild 2 real local sites as free concepts to show before/after.
- Sell a fixed-price build plus a monthly care plan (hosting, updates, small edits).
- Collect a testimonial and a case study from each finished project.
Watch out: Recurring care plans are where the stable income is; one-off builds are lumpy.
5. Social media management
Plan, create and schedule posts for businesses that know they should post but don't.
- Startup cost
- $0–$300
- First sale
- 2-6 weeks
- Skills
- Content planning, short video, analytics
How to start
- Choose 1-2 platforms you understand deeply.
- Offer a 30-day trial package with a clear deliverable count (e.g. 12 posts).
- Report results monthly (reach, saves, clicks, leads), not just posts made.
- Use automation for DMs and scheduling so one person can serve 5+ clients.
Watch out: Clients churn when results are vague; agree on one metric up front.
Sources: BLS: Public relations specialists
6. Video editing / short-form clipping
Edit long videos and podcasts into short clips for creators, coaches and brands.
- Startup cost
- $0–$1,500
- First sale
- 1-4 weeks
- Skills
- Editing software, pacing, captions
How to start
- Learn one editor (free options exist) and make 10 sample clips from public-domain or your own footage.
- Offer a weekly clip package to podcasters and YouTubers.
- Agree on turnaround time and revision limits in writing.
- Track which clips perform and use that data to raise rates.
Watch out: 'Clipping' programs that pay per view vary widely; read payout terms before investing time.
Sources: BLS: Film and Video Editors
7. Online tutoring
Teach school subjects, test prep, languages or coding over video.
- Startup cost
- $0–$200
- First sale
- 1-3 weeks
- Skills
- Subject expertise, patience, clear explanations
How to start
- Pick a subject and level where results are measurable (exam scores, grades).
- List on one tutoring marketplace to get first reviews, then move repeat clients to direct booking.
- Sell packages of 8-10 sessions rather than single sessions.
- Ask parents/students for permission-based referrals.
Watch out: Working with minors may require background checks depending on platform or location.
Sources: BLS: Teachers (related occupations)
8. Print-on-demand store
Sell designs on shirts, mugs or posters; a print partner produces and ships each order.
- Startup cost
- $50–$500
- First sale
- 1-3 months
- Skills
- Design, niche research, marketing
How to start
- Pick a niche with identity and humour (a profession, hobby or fandom you are part of).
- Validate 10 designs with mockups before ordering samples.
- Order samples to check print quality yourself.
- Drive traffic from one channel (Pinterest, Etsy search or your own audience).
Watch out: Thin margins after production and fees; never use trademarked phrases or characters.
Sources: USPTO: trademark basics
9. Digital products (templates, planners, presets)
Sell downloadable templates (Notion, spreadsheets, Canva), checklists or presets.
- Startup cost
- $0–$300
- First sale
- 2-8 weeks
- Skills
- Design, a specific expertise, product thinking
How to start
- Solve one painful, specific job (e.g. 'freelance invoice tracker for photographers').
- Ship a v1 in a weekend and sell it at a low price to the first 20 buyers.
- Collect feedback and turn requests into v2 or a bundle.
- Grow with content that shows the product being used.
Watch out: Easy to copy; your audience and updates are the moat.
10. Online course or cohort
Package a skill into a self-paced course or a live cohort.
- Startup cost
- $100–$2,000
- First sale
- 2-4 months
- Skills
- Teaching, expertise, audience building
How to start
- Run the material as a live workshop first; pre-sell seats before recording anything.
- Turn the recordings and questions into a structured course.
- Collect outcomes from the first cohort to use as (real) proof.
- Add a community or office hours to justify a higher price.
Watch out: Without an audience, courses sell slowly; build an email list first.
Sources: FTC: earnings claims guidance
11. Newsletter business
Publish a niche newsletter and earn from sponsors, paid tiers or affiliate links.
- Startup cost
- $0–$500
- First sale
- 3-12 months
- Skills
- Writing, consistency, curation
How to start
- Pick a niche with buyers (a profession or an expensive hobby).
- Publish weekly for 12 weeks before judging results.
- Grow with referrals, cross-promotions and one social channel.
- Approach sponsors once open rates and audience are documented.
Watch out: Slow start; monetisation usually needs a few thousand engaged subscribers.
Sources: FTC: endorsement guides
12. AI automation consultant
Automate repetitive work (lead intake, follow-ups, reporting) for small businesses with tools like Zapier, Make or AI assistants.
- Startup cost
- $0–$500
- First sale
- 2-6 weeks
- Skills
- No-code automation tools, process mapping
How to start
- Automate 3 workflows in your own life or job and document them.
- Offer a fixed-price 'automation audit' that ends with a prioritised list.
- Build the top 1-2 automations as a project; maintain them on a retainer.
- Keep a library of reusable templates to deliver faster.
Watch out: Clients' data and privacy: get written approval before connecting their accounts.
Sources: NIST AI Risk Management Framework
13. AI content & prompt services
Use AI tools to draft, then human-edit product descriptions, social posts or translations for businesses.
- Startup cost
- $0–$300
- First sale
- 1-4 weeks
- Skills
- Prompting, editing, fact-checking
How to start
- Choose a content type with volume (e.g. ecommerce product descriptions).
- Build a repeatable prompt + editing checklist.
- Show before/after samples with real conversions where possible.
- Price per batch, and disclose AI use to clients.
Watch out: Unedited AI output can contain errors; you're responsible for accuracy.
Sources: FTC: AI and your business
14. Micro-SaaS / small software product
Build a small paid tool for a narrow audience (e.g. a scheduling add-on for a specific platform).
- Startup cost
- $50–$2,000
- First sale
- 3-12 months
- Skills
- Coding or no-code building, product sense
How to start
- Find a recurring complaint in a niche community or app marketplace reviews.
- Build the smallest version that fixes it; charge from day one.
- Talk to every early user.
- Grow through the marketplace or community where the problem lives.
Watch out: Platform dependence: if you build on someone's marketplace, their rule changes can hit you.
Sources: BLS: Software Developers
15. Reselling / thrift flipping
Buy underpriced items (thrift stores, garage sales, clearance) and resell online.
- Startup cost
- $50–$500
- First sale
- 1-2 weeks
- Skills
- Product knowledge, photography, negotiation
How to start
- Choose one category you know (sneakers, vintage clothing, electronics).
- Check sold (not listed) prices before buying.
- Photograph well and list on 2-3 marketplaces.
- Track profit per item after fees and shipping.
Watch out: Marketplaces report payments to tax authorities above thresholds; keep records.
Sources: IRS: Form 1099-K FAQs
16. Etsy / handmade shop
Sell handmade goods, crafts or vintage items through a marketplace or your own store.
- Startup cost
- $100–$1,000
- First sale
- 1-3 months
- Skills
- A craft, product photos, listing SEO
How to start
- Make 10-20 items and price them including your time.
- Write listings with the words buyers actually search.
- Invest in good photos (natural light, consistent background).
- Add a simple email list for repeat buyers.
Watch out: Your time is the hidden cost; price for it or the shop won't be sustainable.
Sources: SBA: calculate startup costs
17. Dropshipping store
Sell products shipped directly by a supplier; you handle marketing and support.
- Startup cost
- $200–$2,000
- First sale
- 1-3 months
- Skills
- Product research, paid ads, customer service
How to start
- Choose products with clear demand and shipping times your customers will accept.
- Order samples to check quality yourself.
- Write honest delivery times on the product page.
- Test ads with a small, fixed budget and stop losers quickly.
Watch out: Long shipping times and quality issues drive refunds and chargebacks; the FTC mail-order rule applies.
Sources: FTC: Mail, internet or telephone order merchandise rule
18. Home bakery / cottage food
Sell baked goods or other low-risk foods made at home, where your state's cottage food law allows it.
- Startup cost
- $200–$2,000
- First sale
- 2-6 weeks
- Skills
- Baking, food safety, local marketing
How to start
- Read your state's cottage food rules (allowed foods, sales caps, labelling).
- Get any required permit or food-handler training.
- Start with pre-orders from friends, then local markets.
- Price every item including ingredients, packaging and your hours.
Watch out: Rules differ a lot by state and country; some foods (e.g. dairy, meat) usually need a commercial kitchen.
Sources: FDA: food business guidance
19. Meal prep service
Prepare weekly meals for busy professionals, athletes or families.
- Startup cost
- $500–$5,000
- First sale
- 1-2 months
- Skills
- Cooking, food safety, logistics
How to start
- Check whether you need a licensed commercial kitchen (most places: yes for meal sales).
- Rent kitchen time hourly to start.
- Launch with a fixed weekly menu and pre-orders.
- Deliver locally on one or two set days.
Watch out: Licensing, insurance and food safety are non-negotiable.
Sources: FDA: how to start a food business
20. Pet sitting & dog walking
Walk dogs or care for pets while owners work or travel.
- Startup cost
- $50–$500
- First sale
- 1-2 weeks
- Skills
- Reliability, animal handling
How to start
- Start with neighbours and local community groups.
- Get pet-care insurance and, if you like, a pet first-aid course.
- Use a simple booking and payment process.
- Build routes so walks cluster geographically.
Watch out: Liability: one bad incident can end the business; get insurance.
Sources: BLS: Animal Care and Service Workers
21. Cleaning service
Clean homes or small offices on a recurring schedule.
- Startup cost
- $200–$1,500
- First sale
- 1-3 weeks
- Skills
- Thoroughness, scheduling
How to start
- Start with recurring residential clients (weekly/biweekly).
- Use a checklist per visit so quality is consistent.
- Get liability insurance and, if hiring later, bonding.
- Price per visit after timing your first few jobs.
Watch out: Physical work and travel time limit how far one person can scale.
Sources: BLS: Janitors and Building Cleaners
22. Handyman / home repairs
Fix the small jobs larger contractors don't want.
- Startup cost
- $500–$5,000
- First sale
- 1-3 weeks
- Skills
- Repairs, tools, estimating
How to start
- Check your state's contractor licensing threshold (many states require a license above a job value).
- Get liability insurance.
- List common jobs with clear starting prices.
- Collect photos and reviews from every job.
Watch out: Licensing rules vary; some work (electrical, plumbing) usually requires a licensed trade.
23. Photography
Shoot portraits, events, products or real estate.
- Startup cost
- $500–$5,000
- First sale
- 2-8 weeks
- Skills
- Camera skills, editing, posing people
How to start
- Choose one niche (headshots, product, real estate, weddings).
- Build a portfolio with 10-20 strong images in that niche.
- Publish clear packages and prices.
- Use contracts that cover usage rights and deposits.
Watch out: Gear costs can spiral; rent before buying.
Sources: BLS: Photographers
24. Graphic design
Design logos, social graphics, packaging or pitch decks.
- Startup cost
- $0–$700
- First sale
- 2-6 weeks
- Skills
- Design tools, typography, briefs
How to start
- Pick a niche (e.g. podcast covers, restaurant menus).
- Build 6-10 portfolio pieces, including self-initiated briefs.
- Sell fixed packages with revision limits.
- Ask every client for a referral.
Watch out: Template tools and AI compress low-end prices; specialise up.
Sources: BLS: Graphic Designers
25. Consulting in your field
Sell your professional expertise (operations, HR, marketing, engineering) by the project.
- Startup cost
- $0–$1,000
- First sale
- 2-8 weeks
- Skills
- Deep expertise from a past job
How to start
- Write down 3 problems you solved repeatedly at work.
- Package one into a fixed-price diagnostic.
- Reach out to former colleagues and their networks.
- Publish what you learn to attract inbound work.
Watch out: Check non-compete and confidentiality obligations from past employers.
Sources: BLS: Management Analysts
26. Coaching
Coach clients toward a specific outcome (career change, fitness, business growth).
- Startup cost
- $0–$1,000
- First sale
- 1-3 months
- Skills
- Listening, expertise, results
How to start
- Define one outcome and one audience.
- Coach 3-5 people at a low price in exchange for detailed feedback.
- Document real results, with permission.
- Move to packages (e.g. 3 months) rather than single sessions.
Watch out: Don't give regulated advice (medical, legal, financial) without qualifications.
Sources: FTC: health claims guidance
27. Personal trainer / fitness classes
Train clients 1:1, in small groups, or online.
- Startup cost
- $300–$3,000
- First sale
- 2-6 weeks
- Skills
- Certification, coaching, motivation
How to start
- Get a recognised certification and insurance.
- Start with outdoor small groups or online sessions to avoid gym rent.
- Sell monthly packages.
- Track client progress to demonstrate results.
Watch out: Liability insurance and certification are the norm, often required by venues.
28. 3D printing: custom parts & products
Print custom parts, prototypes, tabletop miniatures, organisers or replacement pieces.
- Startup cost
- $300–$3,000
- First sale
- 1-2 months
- Skills
- CAD, printer maintenance, materials
How to start
- Start with one printer and one niche (e.g. replacement parts for a specific appliance or hobby).
- Design your own models or use ones with a commercial licence.
- Sell locally (makers, engineers) and online.
- Price including failed prints, material, electricity and machine time.
Watch out: Many free models forbid commercial use; check licences.
Sources: Creative Commons licence types
29. Mobile car detailing
Detail cars at customers' homes or workplaces.
- Startup cost
- $500–$3,000
- First sale
- 1-3 weeks
- Skills
- Detailing technique, scheduling
How to start
- Buy a starter kit and learn on your own and friends' cars.
- Offer 2-3 clear packages.
- Check local water runoff rules.
- Book recurring monthly clients.
Watch out: Weather and travel time limit capacity.
Sources: EPA: stormwater for businesses
30. UGC (user-generated content) creator
Make product videos that brands use in ads; you don't need a large following.
- Startup cost
- $0–$500
- First sale
- 2-6 weeks
- Skills
- On-camera presence, short video
How to start
- Make 5 sample videos with products you already own.
- Pitch small brands directly with a short portfolio.
- Price per video with clear usage rights.
- Disclose sponsorships when you post on your own channels.
Watch out: FTC endorsement rules apply when you post; usage rights should be time-limited and priced.
31. Affiliate content site
Publish genuinely useful reviews and guides and earn commissions when readers buy.
- Startup cost
- $50–$1,000
- First sale
- 6-12 months
- Skills
- SEO, writing, patience
How to start
- Pick a niche where you can test or deeply research products.
- Publish 30-50 useful pages before judging results.
- Disclose affiliate relationships clearly.
- Track which pages earn, and update them.
Watch out: Slow to start and dependent on search algorithms.
Sources: FTC: endorsement guides
32. Delivery & gig apps
Deliver food or parcels through gig platforms.
- Startup cost
- $0–$500
- First sale
- Days
- Skills
- A vehicle or bike, time
How to start
- Compare platforms in your city.
- Track all mileage from day one (deductible in many tax systems).
- Work peak hours only.
- Treat it as a bridge while building something with more upside.
Watch out: After vehicle costs, net pay can be low; track it honestly.
Sources: IRS: gig economy tax center
33. Data entry & research
Clean data, research leads, or enter records for businesses.
- Startup cost
- $0–$100
- First sale
- 1-3 weeks
- Skills
- Accuracy, spreadsheets
How to start
- Learn spreadsheets beyond basics (lookups, pivot tables).
- Offer lead-research packages to sales teams.
- Automate parts with scripts or AI to raise effective hourly pay.
- Move up to analysis work.
Watch out: Many 'data entry' job ads are scams asking for upfront fees.
Sources: FTC: job scams
34. Resume & LinkedIn writing
Rewrite resumes and LinkedIn profiles for job seekers.
- Startup cost
- $0–$300
- First sale
- 1-4 weeks
- Skills
- Writing, recruiting knowledge
How to start
- Specialise (tech, healthcare, executives, career changers).
- Create before/after samples (anonymised).
- Sell fixed packages with an interview-prep add-on.
- Partner with career coaches.
Watch out: Don't promise job outcomes.
Sources: BLS: Career outlook
35. Garden & lawn care
Mow, weed and maintain gardens on a recurring schedule.
- Startup cost
- $300–$3,000
- First sale
- 1-2 weeks
- Skills
- Equipment, reliability
How to start
- Start in your own neighbourhood to minimise driving.
- Sell season-long plans.
- Add higher-margin services (planting, cleanup).
- Check pesticide licensing if you apply chemicals.
Watch out: Pesticide application commonly needs a licence.
How to choose between these ideas
Score each idea 1–5 on four questions and start the one with the highest total:
- Can you get paid in 30 days? Services usually beat products here.
- Do you already have the skill? Learning and selling at once doubles the risk.
- Do you know where buyers gather? A community, marketplace, local street or your old industry.
- Could it run on 5–10 hours a week? Most people start alongside a job.
Then validate before spending money: see how to test a business idea.
Frequently asked questions
Do I pay tax on a side hustle in the UK?
Sources
- GOV.UK gov.uk
- GOV.UK: working for yourself gov.uk
- GOV.UK gov.uk
- BLS: Writers and Authors bls.gov
- BLS: Secretaries and Administrative Assistants bls.gov
- BLS: Bookkeeping clerks bls.gov
- IRS: PTIN requirements irs.gov
- BLS: Web Developers and Digital Designers bls.gov
- BLS: Public relations specialists bls.gov
- BLS: Film and Video Editors bls.gov
- BLS: Teachers (related occupations) bls.gov
- USPTO: trademark basics uspto.gov
- FTC: business guidance on advertising ftc.gov
- FTC: earnings claims guidance ftc.gov
- FTC: endorsement guides ftc.gov
- NIST AI Risk Management Framework nist.gov
- FTC: AI and your business ftc.gov
- BLS: Software Developers bls.gov
- IRS: Form 1099-K FAQs irs.gov
- SBA: calculate startup costs sba.gov
- FTC: Mail, internet or telephone order merchandise rule ftc.gov
- FDA: food business guidance fda.gov
- BLS: Animal Care and Service Workers bls.gov
- BLS: Janitors and Building Cleaners bls.gov
- BLS: General maintenance and repair workers bls.gov
- BLS: Photographers bls.gov
- BLS: Graphic Designers bls.gov
- BLS: Management Analysts bls.gov
- FTC: health claims guidance ftc.gov
- BLS: Fitness Trainers and Instructors bls.gov
- Creative Commons licence types creativecommons.org
- EPA: stormwater for businesses epa.gov
- FTC: Disclosures 101 for social media influencers ftc.gov
- IRS: gig economy tax center irs.gov
- FTC: job scams consumer.ftc.gov
- BLS: Career outlook bls.gov
- EPA: pesticide applicator certification epa.gov
Checked 21 Oct 2026. Spotted an error? Tell us.
Update history
- : first published; figures checked against the sources listed.